Headline inflation grabs attention, but core measures strip out volatile items to reveal underlying momentum. We’ll compare both, discuss trimmed means, and explore why shelter and wages often anchor persistence. Case studies show how energy price swings can distract from steadier trends. You’ll practice identifying genuine turning points by combining monthly moves with multi‑month averages and forward‑looking survey clues.
What people anticipate often shapes what happens next. If consumers and businesses expect rising prices, they may accelerate purchases or raise quotes, turning fears into reality. We’ll examine survey measures, market‑based breakevens, and credibility of monetary authorities. Learn how communication, transparency, and policy consistency help anchor expectations, calming volatility and supporting steadier investment and household planning decisions across cycles.
Weather, geopolitics, and logistics can push costs higher quickly, especially for energy and food. We’ll explore pass‑through dynamics, subsidies, and inventory cushions that delay or amplify effects. Real‑world anecdotes from grocers, freight operators, and restaurateurs reveal the chain from input cost to checkout price. You’ll gain tools to separate temporary disruptions from lasting structural shifts that require strategy adjustments.
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